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The ancient Stoics are often misunderstood because the terms they used pertained to different concepts in the past than they do today. The word "stoic" has come to mean "unemotional" or indifferent to pain because Stoic ethics taught freedom from "passion" by following "reason".
, they refer to the irrational, unhealthy and excessive desires and emotions. Anger would be a good example. What is important to remember, and this is the crucial bit, they seek to replace them with eupatheiai
By doing this exercise, Seneca was always prepared for disruption and always working that disruption into his plans. He was fitted for defeat or victory.
The Stoics accepted that suicide was permissible for the wise person in circumstances that might prevent them from living a virtuous life.[29] Plutarch held that accepting life under tyranny would have compromised Cato's self-consistency (constantia) as a Stoic and impaired his freedom to make the honorable moral choices.
O estoicismo é uma doutrina da filosofia nascida na Gré especialmentecia, que afirma qual todo o universo é governado por uma razãeste universal divina que ordena Lindas as coisas, onde tudo surge a partir dele e de tratado usando ele.
Para alcanzar la felicidad, Epicuro proponÃa qual se tuviera preferencia por los placeres del alma previamente de que por los del cuerpo. Sin embargo, no rechazaba ni condenaba a los segundos.
A famous metaphor here, used by Epictetus, is that of a dog leashed to a cart: the dog can either fight the cart’s movement at every inch, thus hurting himself and ending up miserable; or he can decide to gingerly go along with the ride and enjoy the panorama. This is a version of what Nietzsche eventually called amor fati
Of course ethics is not a popularity contest, but these numbers indicate the filosofia estóica resurgence of virtue ethics in contemporary professional moral philosophy.
Pues del mismo modo en de que el material del carpintero es la madera, y el del escultor, bronce, el objeto del Feição de vivir es la propia vida por cada cual.
to cultivate one’s character, and part luck, in the form of the physical and cultural conditions that affect and shape one’s life.
26. Pelo desees ser un general o un senador este un cónsul, sino ser libre, y la única manera para lograrlo es despreciando las cosas de que pelo se encuentran dentro do nuestro propio poder.
But if there is a confusion without a governor, be content that in such a tempest you have yourself a certain ruling intelligence†(XII.14); or: “With respect to what may happen to you from without, consider that it happens either by chance or according to Providence, and you must neither blame chance nor accuse Providence†(XII.24). More is said about this specific topic in the section on Stoic metaphysics and teleology.
Already know all of this? Do you want more advanced material? We recommend heading to our glossary of Stoicism terms and reading our post on the 28 books on Stoicism you need to read to advance your knowledge.
The way matter is organized to form an individual object; in Stoic physics, a physical ingredient (pneuma: air or breath), which informs the matter
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